Risk disclaimer

Market and model risk

Trading securities and derivatives can result in substantial or total loss. Intraday conditions, gaps, liquidity, volatility, data quality, execution delay, slippage, costs, and platform failures can make actual results differ materially from any display or test.

Indicators can be late, wrong, unavailable, or unsuitable for a user's objectives. A visual state is not an instruction to buy, sell, hold, or size a position.

Hypothetical validation

Backtests and historical validation use assumptions and hindsight, cannot reproduce all live conditions, and are vulnerable to selection bias, overfitting, regime change, and data errors. Past or hypothetical results do not guarantee future outcomes.

Independent responsibility

You remain responsible for independent research, suitability, risk limits, orders, tax and legal advice, and any decision to trade. Seek appropriately qualified professional advice where needed.